Doves, deaths and rations: Papal elections over time
- Cardinals elected Celestine IV in 1241 after a 70-day election in Rome.
- Rome's leader confined cardinals within a dilapidated building as the election prolonged.
- The governor denied sanitation and medical care for those becoming sick.
- Later rules introduced food reductions, offering only bread, water, and wine after five days without a decision.
- These harsh conditions prompted rule changes requiring cardinals to meet quickly and limiting their provisions.
34 Articles
34 Articles


Doves, Deaths And Rations: Papal Elections Over Time
Cardinals electing Pope Francis's successor will have an easier time than many of their predecessors, who endured spartan conditions and were even locked up so long that some of them died.

Doves, deaths and rations: Papal elections over time
Cardinals electing Pope Francis's successor will have an easier time than many of their predecessors, who endured spartan conditions and were even locked up so long that some of them died.
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- 56% of the sources are Center
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